The last two case reports both involved sharing of sex toys and exposure to blood during sex.Deep phenotyping of post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome They described their sexual contact as at times rough to the point of inducing bleeding and contact with menstrual blood. The couple reported routinely having unprotected oral and vaginal contact and using insertive sex toys that were shared between them. The newly diagnosed woman had no other recent risk factors for HIV, such as heterosexual intercourse, injecting drug use, or more unusual modes of HIV transmission such as tattooing, acupuncture, transfusion or transplant. Her female partner had been previously diagnosed with HIV but had dropped out of medical care and was not receiving antiretroviral therapy. She had had a negative antibody test a few weeks before seroconversion illness and diagnosis. The report concerns a 46-year-old woman who appears to have acquired HIV during a six-month monogamous HIV serodiscordant sexual relationship with a 43-year-old woman. In 2014, a further case report was published, on this occasion supported by phylogenetic analysis, which showed that the genetic sequences of the viruses infecting the two women were highly related (Chan). The investigators noted that this is the "first reported case of female-to-female sexual transmission of HIV supported by identification of similar HIV genotypes in the source patient and the recipient". The 20-year-old woman was infected with multidrug-resistant HIV. Her bisexual partner was known to be HIV positive, and is believed to be the source of infection because of similarities observed when the two women underwent genotypic drug-resistance tests. These activities did not occur during menstruation, but sex toys had occasionally been used vigorously enough to draw blood. The couple’s sexual practices included the sharing of sex toys, and oral sex. She had never injected drugs or received blood products, and had no tattoos or body piercings. The woman had been in a monogamous lesbian relationship for the past two years, and denied having had any other sexual partners, male or female. The case concerns a 20-year-old woman who presented with HIV infection having had a negative HIV test result six months earlier. Doctors suggest the woman may have been infected through sharing sex toys after drug-resistance tests found striking similarities between the genotypes of the woman and her female HIV-positive partner (Kwakwa). In 2003 a case report of female-to-female sexual HIV transmission was published. The latest news and research on sexual transmission Three-quarters of the couples reported sharing sex toys and virtually all couples reported oral sex (Raiteri). All of these women had other risk factors: either injecting drug use or vaginal intercourse with men (Chu).Īn Italian study of 18 HIV-discordant lesbian couples who had been monogamous partners for at least three months prior to recruitment and who were followed for six months found no seroconversions occurred during this period. For example, a 1992 follow-up of all 144 women identified as HIV-positive through the blood donation services in the US interviewed 106 women, and identified only three who had had sex with women. In the early years of the epidemic, investigations of the source of infection in US women failed to identify any cases of female-to-female transmission. There have been only six reported cases of woman-to-woman sexual transmission, and these reports need to be viewed with the same caution as any other case reports of transmission through oral sex (cunnilingus). When considering the issue of female-to-female sexual transmission it is important to draw a distinction between the risk of transmission by this route and diagnoses of HIV infection in women who identify as lesbian. Transmission is possible through sharing of sex toys and exposure to blood during sex.HIV-positive women who identify as lesbian may have acquired HIV through injecting drug use or sex with men.The risk of female-to-female sexual transmission is extremely rare, with only a handful of reported cases.
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